Ocean Ecology

Ticking time bomb' in the sea
Acidification of the oceans is a "ticking time bomb" under the sea, a serious threat to the life of the marine species and communities living in the coastal areas, a new report Here's organization Natural England (UK) warned.

Shimmering ocean.

According to these figures the latest scientific research, the concentration of acid in the oceans has increased by one third compared to the previous time period occurs industrial revolution in the world. The cause of acidity is increased by the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere too much.

Scientists fear that if emissions cause the greenhouse effect continues to increase with the current speed, the acidity of seawater will increase by 120% in 2060 - the highest in 21 million years of Earth history.

If this fear became a reality, a large number of species of plants and animals in the ocean will be seriously affected. The number of fish species will decline significantly due to high acidity reduce their fertility. This will directly impact on the economy of the communities living along the sea, especially in poor countries because their lives depend primarily on fishing.

Acidification of the oceans is one of the important issues is the world leader discussed at a summit on climate change organized by the United Nations is taking place in the Danish capital Copenhagen circuit.

Dr Helen Phillips, Executive Director of Natural England, said that to the marine ecosystem is not disrupted due to acidification, the most important thing is that we have to keep the amount of greenhouse gases in the lower level allows .

"The amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere directly affect the acidity of our oceans," said Dr. Helen. "The rise of ocean acidity is a serious threat to the marine environment - this is a huge challenge for the world and it requires urgent action to protect marine ecosystems. "

Smoking Cigarette

Are you a smoker or do you live around someone who smokes? If not, the environment that you live in is healthy. Unfortunately, if a family member you live with is smoking cigarette, or worse that if you attempt to smoke these poison grasses. Then your health is being thread. 

Smoking can cause many diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and long-term respiratory diseases. According to the Medical News Today, over 440,000 deaths of the 2.4 million deaths are caused by using tobacco which is more than the death from using alcohol and other diseases such as HIV.  Furthermore, the death by smoking cigarette are concerned to be one of the preventable death because not only the smokers' health are harmed but the second smoke can effect the health of the people around them.

Lung cancer is one of many cancers caused by smoking and it's one of the most dangerous cancer that had the lowest survival rate. It also one of the most common cancer death in the UK. Smoking can caused other cancer such as cancers of the larynx (voice box), oesophagus (gullet), mouth and pharynx (throat), bladder,pancreas, kidney, liver, stomach, bowel, cervix, ovary, nose and sinus, some types of leukaemia and increases the risk of breast cancer.

And how does smoking cigarette caused cancer. The tobacco contains 70 different substances that are seems to be the cause of cancer. The poison chemical enters the lung and spreads out through the body when the smoker inhale these smoke. After entering the lung and spreading out, the chemical damages the DNA and changes important genes, making the cells grow into a huge number. Furthermore, the poison chemical also weaken the body's immune system, making the cancer cell grow quicker without being destroyed. because inhaling tobacco smoke is the only way that it will contact your body, second can also cause damage to the non-smoking person.

The good new is these cancer and other diseases caused by smoking can be prevent by avoiding the cigarette smoke and stop smoking at the right time if you're the smoker. 

Visiting Orphanage Blog

Last Saturday I had a trip to visit and help the children from 2 different orphanages and it's an great experience for me. The trip gave me a new vision about my life after seeing those unlucky abandoned children.

We arrived at the first orphanage on district 1 at nearly 9 o clock at the morning and my job was to carry the food that my class bought for the children. Seeing us coming, the children and the adults at the orphanage were very happy. Some children even helped us to carry the food inside. After finishing giving present such as food and toys, we introduced ourselves, listen to the children's life story and we played games together. It's good to hear that the people from the orphanage still give a opportunity for the children to go to school. The children was very open-heart with us and we had a good time hanging together.

Later that day we went to a second orphanage on Go Vap district. This orphanage seem to touch my heart the most because it was older and poorer than the first one. Around the orphanage was pictures drawn by the children there hanging on the wall and the pictures was about the kids' dreams. It even amazed me to see a map of Vietnam created from bus fares folding into heart shape, putting together. But the thing that make me feel sore was to see these children living in a very poor condition. Each kid only have for him/her a small locker to store clothes. Moreover, the stairs in the orphanage were dangerous for the children to walk, the wooden bed that they use to sleep was old and easy to be cracked.

Even though the finance is little, the people from these orphanages are trying the best to raise, to support, to give a good childhood for these abandoned children.

Water Pollution

Water is an is very important element that our body need to continue survive. About 70% of an healthy human's body is made up of water. Because of that, you can't live without water more than a week. Lack of water lead to dehydration which reduce the amount of blood and force your heart to pump faster. With dehydration, you start to feel dizzy. Then you start to have a headache, and then fade out. As the result you can die by dehydration.

The best choice to have a healthy body is drink 8 cups of our a day. Drinking too much water is also bad for your body. However, these days, water are being pollute by human activities. Everyday, we do a lot of activities that using water like flushing toilet, wash your car, shower, and have you ever wonder where all of that dirty water will go? In some developed country, that water is cleaned and dumped into the sea. However, in some country that hasn't develop yet, dirty water is dumped into the sea without treated. As the result, the sea water get dirtier every day, and this is the first cause of water pollution.

The second cause also have to do with human daily activities. Everyday human eat and poop.  After you poop, you flush the toilet and the poop travel through a septic tank that connect to your house.  Inside this tank, the solid part and the liquid part is separated. Biological processes are used to break down the solids and the liquid is usually drained out into a land drainage system. From this stage, it can escape into the soil and nearby water bodies.

Moreover, water pollution also cause by other issue such as air pollution. Polluted air mix with mist in air which lead to acid rain.  At this time, all the toxic in polluted air are mix with water in the sea or river. Another main cause of water pollution is the death of sea animal. Dead fish, crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat (living environment).

We can't drink polluted water so we may face a huge problem without clean water. What can we do to solve this issue? The easiest thing you can do is pick up any trash you sea at the beach or avoid throwing trash into rivers or beaches. This will reduce the chance of water getting dirty by human activities. The second think is make sure the septic tank in your house work properly so it will reduce the chance water pollution caused by machine.

Deforestation

Deforestation is when people "cut down trees", or we can say that remove a large area of the forest land for many purpose: selling wood, fuel, selling land and for farming. The negative thing about this is they never re-plant the trees that they cut of.

Let's talk a little bit more about the cause of deforestation. Nowadays, the world population are getting larger. Humans need more space to live, so the first main reasons more people to clear out the forest is for Urbanization. With trees being cut down, we now can construct more buildings, roads,... And as the population grows, human also need more food and it leads to the second cause of deforestation: Agricultural Activities. Agricultural Activities is another main causes of deforestation. They are being cut down for space to grow crops and raise cattle.

In the 21st century, technology improve a lot and people require more than just space and food. Trees are cut down for woods. Woods produce goods like paper, interiors, wood can be use as fuel such as firewood for charcoal. And because of that, we can tell that Logging is one of the reason for deforestation. Human also need oil and coal in their life and that require a lot of forest space for mining. Therefore, Mining can be another cause of deforestation. One of the global issue we have today is Global Warming and it can cause forest fire. Lots of trees are lost after the fire which can lead to deforestation.


With the lost of trees, what is the bad effect for us. Here are a list of effects of deforestation.

- Imbalance Climate: Trees provide water vapor in the air, trees also provide the shade that are needed for the soil to be kept moist. Lacks of trees mean lack of all of the benefits above and this leads to the imbalance of the atmosphere and the temperature.

- Increasing of Global Warming: Trees also utilize the greenhouse gases. With the lack of trees, the amount of greenhouse gases in the air are increased and the Global Warming as well.

- Floods: The tree's roots absorb a large amount water from the rain. Lacks of trees means there are no place for storing the water and easy to cause floods.

- Wildlife Extinction: With more trees being cut down, some animal will lose their habitats and have to move to other places. This is one the cause of animal extinction. We also lost some of the plant by deforestation.


And for me, the solution to this is applying strict rule of forest pioneering. Moreover, we also need to re-plant the tree that we lost for the need of people. Planting new trees is one of the activities that Grade 11 do in the field trip.

Human Trafficking

What is human trafficking

Human trafficking is an illegal crime which  people buy other people to work for them. The people that been sold work as slave. The owner of these people can treat them very bad. They can curse at the "slave", beat them if they want to. Worse, they can outrage and treat these people as sex slave. These owner just doesn't care about the "slave's health" or even worse, they don't care about the life of these people.

Why and how does this happen.

The victim of human trafficking usually have a very poor life condition. They had been promise to to a opportunity to make their life better or  to have a job which doesn't require high level of education. These poor people easily fall in the trap of the criminals. They've been lulled and send to another country to sell as slave. Sometimes, the criminal can just kidnap the victims.

Let's find out about the history of human trafficking.

The 1400s was when the human trafficking started. Portuguese transport people from Africa to Portugal and trade them a as slaves. Later, in the year 1520, the British joined in this slave trading. And as the development of colonies, these slave trading activities increased. In the 1600s, many other countries included Spain, North American, Holland, France, Sweden and Denmark.

Moving on to the 2000s, there was a human trafficking case found in Thailand in 2008.  The victims had been shipped in the seafood container and 57 of them were death because the lack of oxygen. In 2009, there was a trafficking ring busted in Tapei, Taiwan. The were several female had been transported to the U.S using fake passports to make visas. They had been caught by the National Immigration Agency and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

And there were many more report of human trafficking. So what is the solution for this. The first solution is paying money to free these slaves. However, you just can't find the exact place to free all of the slave so the second solution can been done easier by educating people around you. You can introduce them to this topic so they can have a better self-awareness.

Healthcare

Nowadays, everybody wants to live a long life. That's why there a system created that called the health care system. Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.

Type of healthcare

http://prezi.com/aei-95d6zkqx/healthcare/

According to Thien's presentation, there are 4 modlels of healthcare but healthcare can also by divided to 4 type of healthcare

Primary Care: In the Primary Care, you have to see the providers (PCP) first for checking on health problems. After checking, the provider will give you the right type of practitioner. These type of practitioner can be  medical doctors (MDs) and doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs) and nurse practitioner (NPs)

Nursing Care: The Nursing Care provided 3 types of nurses

- The Registered Nurses: the nurse who register in these healthcare have graduated from a nursing program that passed state board examination and licensed by the state.
- The Licensed Nurses are state-licensed caregivers who have been trained to care for the sick.
- Finally, The Advanced Nurses is way more professional than the other, these nurses are divided into groups of nurses like Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs),

Drug Therapy: This healthcare system provided pharmacists that have graduate training from a college of pharmacy and licensed by the state. The provider will write the drug prescription that will be processed by the pharmacist. Moreover, pharmacists have to follow and check safe effective of the patient's medication.

Specialty Care: The provider will offer you a specific care due to various problems.

However, in some poor countries, the healthcare systems are not that good. Here are the top 10 countries that have a low life expectancy due to disease, and the healthcare system are not good enough to take care of all the people.

10. Zambia:  Life expectancy at birth in here is 55 years. One of the main issue in here that cause death is the diarrhea disease. It caused because of the drinking water is not clean. Children under 14 years old have a high death rate

9. Lesotho: Life expectancy in here is 49 and a quarter people that between 15-49 years old is living with HIV

8. Mozambique: Mozambique is about 23.9 million people and about 60% of them live under the poverty line of 1.25$ a day. Average life expectancy is defined at 50.77 years old.

7.Malawi: Life expectancy is low and is about 54.8 years. HIV/AIDS is the threat of the people living here

6. Liberia: The average life in this country is 57 years old. Malaria is a huge problem for the country, and in 2010 over 9 Million cases of the disease were reported.

5. Nigeria: The average life expectancy in the country is severely reduced by the drastic income inequality, to around 52.3 years. Nigeria suffers from a continual mass exodus of nurses, doctors and other health practitioners who leave looking for better opportunities outside of Nigeria.

4. Democratic Republic of Congo: The life expectancy in here is 48 years. It is too low for a country that have the population of 75 million of people. Sadly, there is only about 0.1 physicians for every 1000 persons making adequate health care.

3. Central African Republic: The life expectancy in this country is just 49 years. Sanitation problems and lack of clean water is the major issue here. Moreover, diarrhea disease mostly the reason that caused death to children under 5 years old

2. Myanmar: This coastal country once spent the lowest amount of their GDP on health care in the world and receives the least amount of international aid per capita. The average life expectancy in here is 50 years and a quarter of the population is under 15 years old.

1. Sierra Leone: Pregnant women in Sierra Leone have the right to free health care but the country lacks of hospitals to provide it. There are only about 0.002 physicians and 0.4 medical beds for every 1000 people. Moreover, there is about 60% of the  country people can not access to clean drinking water.Life expectancy at birth is about 54 years and 42% of the population is under 15 years old.

It's difficult to come up with a good solution to this problem. To solve it, the government have to look at the healthcare system in the own country and see what is the health problem that their people are living with to improve their healthcare system.