Water Pollution

Water is an is very important element that our body need to continue survive. About 70% of an healthy human's body is made up of water. Because of that, you can't live without water more than a week. Lack of water lead to dehydration which reduce the amount of blood and force your heart to pump faster. With dehydration, you start to feel dizzy. Then you start to have a headache, and then fade out. As the result you can die by dehydration.

The best choice to have a healthy body is drink 8 cups of our a day. Drinking too much water is also bad for your body. However, these days, water are being pollute by human activities. Everyday, we do a lot of activities that using water like flushing toilet, wash your car, shower, and have you ever wonder where all of that dirty water will go? In some developed country, that water is cleaned and dumped into the sea. However, in some country that hasn't develop yet, dirty water is dumped into the sea without treated. As the result, the sea water get dirtier every day, and this is the first cause of water pollution.

The second cause also have to do with human daily activities. Everyday human eat and poop.  After you poop, you flush the toilet and the poop travel through a septic tank that connect to your house.  Inside this tank, the solid part and the liquid part is separated. Biological processes are used to break down the solids and the liquid is usually drained out into a land drainage system. From this stage, it can escape into the soil and nearby water bodies.

Moreover, water pollution also cause by other issue such as air pollution. Polluted air mix with mist in air which lead to acid rain.  At this time, all the toxic in polluted air are mix with water in the sea or river. Another main cause of water pollution is the death of sea animal. Dead fish, crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat (living environment).

We can't drink polluted water so we may face a huge problem without clean water. What can we do to solve this issue? The easiest thing you can do is pick up any trash you sea at the beach or avoid throwing trash into rivers or beaches. This will reduce the chance of water getting dirty by human activities. The second think is make sure the septic tank in your house work properly so it will reduce the chance water pollution caused by machine.

Deforestation

Deforestation is when people "cut down trees", or we can say that remove a large area of the forest land for many purpose: selling wood, fuel, selling land and for farming. The negative thing about this is they never re-plant the trees that they cut of.

Let's talk a little bit more about the cause of deforestation. Nowadays, the world population are getting larger. Humans need more space to live, so the first main reasons more people to clear out the forest is for Urbanization. With trees being cut down, we now can construct more buildings, roads,... And as the population grows, human also need more food and it leads to the second cause of deforestation: Agricultural Activities. Agricultural Activities is another main causes of deforestation. They are being cut down for space to grow crops and raise cattle.

In the 21st century, technology improve a lot and people require more than just space and food. Trees are cut down for woods. Woods produce goods like paper, interiors, wood can be use as fuel such as firewood for charcoal. And because of that, we can tell that Logging is one of the reason for deforestation. Human also need oil and coal in their life and that require a lot of forest space for mining. Therefore, Mining can be another cause of deforestation. One of the global issue we have today is Global Warming and it can cause forest fire. Lots of trees are lost after the fire which can lead to deforestation.


With the lost of trees, what is the bad effect for us. Here are a list of effects of deforestation.

- Imbalance Climate: Trees provide water vapor in the air, trees also provide the shade that are needed for the soil to be kept moist. Lacks of trees mean lack of all of the benefits above and this leads to the imbalance of the atmosphere and the temperature.

- Increasing of Global Warming: Trees also utilize the greenhouse gases. With the lack of trees, the amount of greenhouse gases in the air are increased and the Global Warming as well.

- Floods: The tree's roots absorb a large amount water from the rain. Lacks of trees means there are no place for storing the water and easy to cause floods.

- Wildlife Extinction: With more trees being cut down, some animal will lose their habitats and have to move to other places. This is one the cause of animal extinction. We also lost some of the plant by deforestation.


And for me, the solution to this is applying strict rule of forest pioneering. Moreover, we also need to re-plant the tree that we lost for the need of people. Planting new trees is one of the activities that Grade 11 do in the field trip.

Human Trafficking

What is human trafficking

Human trafficking is an illegal crime which  people buy other people to work for them. The people that been sold work as slave. The owner of these people can treat them very bad. They can curse at the "slave", beat them if they want to. Worse, they can outrage and treat these people as sex slave. These owner just doesn't care about the "slave's health" or even worse, they don't care about the life of these people.

Why and how does this happen.

The victim of human trafficking usually have a very poor life condition. They had been promise to to a opportunity to make their life better or  to have a job which doesn't require high level of education. These poor people easily fall in the trap of the criminals. They've been lulled and send to another country to sell as slave. Sometimes, the criminal can just kidnap the victims.

Let's find out about the history of human trafficking.

The 1400s was when the human trafficking started. Portuguese transport people from Africa to Portugal and trade them a as slaves. Later, in the year 1520, the British joined in this slave trading. And as the development of colonies, these slave trading activities increased. In the 1600s, many other countries included Spain, North American, Holland, France, Sweden and Denmark.

Moving on to the 2000s, there was a human trafficking case found in Thailand in 2008.  The victims had been shipped in the seafood container and 57 of them were death because the lack of oxygen. In 2009, there was a trafficking ring busted in Tapei, Taiwan. The were several female had been transported to the U.S using fake passports to make visas. They had been caught by the National Immigration Agency and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

And there were many more report of human trafficking. So what is the solution for this. The first solution is paying money to free these slaves. However, you just can't find the exact place to free all of the slave so the second solution can been done easier by educating people around you. You can introduce them to this topic so they can have a better self-awareness.

Healthcare

Nowadays, everybody wants to live a long life. That's why there a system created that called the health care system. Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.

Type of healthcare

http://prezi.com/aei-95d6zkqx/healthcare/

According to Thien's presentation, there are 4 modlels of healthcare but healthcare can also by divided to 4 type of healthcare

Primary Care: In the Primary Care, you have to see the providers (PCP) first for checking on health problems. After checking, the provider will give you the right type of practitioner. These type of practitioner can be  medical doctors (MDs) and doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs) and nurse practitioner (NPs)

Nursing Care: The Nursing Care provided 3 types of nurses

- The Registered Nurses: the nurse who register in these healthcare have graduated from a nursing program that passed state board examination and licensed by the state.
- The Licensed Nurses are state-licensed caregivers who have been trained to care for the sick.
- Finally, The Advanced Nurses is way more professional than the other, these nurses are divided into groups of nurses like Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs),

Drug Therapy: This healthcare system provided pharmacists that have graduate training from a college of pharmacy and licensed by the state. The provider will write the drug prescription that will be processed by the pharmacist. Moreover, pharmacists have to follow and check safe effective of the patient's medication.

Specialty Care: The provider will offer you a specific care due to various problems.

However, in some poor countries, the healthcare systems are not that good. Here are the top 10 countries that have a low life expectancy due to disease, and the healthcare system are not good enough to take care of all the people.

10. Zambia:  Life expectancy at birth in here is 55 years. One of the main issue in here that cause death is the diarrhea disease. It caused because of the drinking water is not clean. Children under 14 years old have a high death rate

9. Lesotho: Life expectancy in here is 49 and a quarter people that between 15-49 years old is living with HIV

8. Mozambique: Mozambique is about 23.9 million people and about 60% of them live under the poverty line of 1.25$ a day. Average life expectancy is defined at 50.77 years old.

7.Malawi: Life expectancy is low and is about 54.8 years. HIV/AIDS is the threat of the people living here

6. Liberia: The average life in this country is 57 years old. Malaria is a huge problem for the country, and in 2010 over 9 Million cases of the disease were reported.

5. Nigeria: The average life expectancy in the country is severely reduced by the drastic income inequality, to around 52.3 years. Nigeria suffers from a continual mass exodus of nurses, doctors and other health practitioners who leave looking for better opportunities outside of Nigeria.

4. Democratic Republic of Congo: The life expectancy in here is 48 years. It is too low for a country that have the population of 75 million of people. Sadly, there is only about 0.1 physicians for every 1000 persons making adequate health care.

3. Central African Republic: The life expectancy in this country is just 49 years. Sanitation problems and lack of clean water is the major issue here. Moreover, diarrhea disease mostly the reason that caused death to children under 5 years old

2. Myanmar: This coastal country once spent the lowest amount of their GDP on health care in the world and receives the least amount of international aid per capita. The average life expectancy in here is 50 years and a quarter of the population is under 15 years old.

1. Sierra Leone: Pregnant women in Sierra Leone have the right to free health care but the country lacks of hospitals to provide it. There are only about 0.002 physicians and 0.4 medical beds for every 1000 people. Moreover, there is about 60% of the  country people can not access to clean drinking water.Life expectancy at birth is about 54 years and 42% of the population is under 15 years old.

It's difficult to come up with a good solution to this problem. To solve it, the government have to look at the healthcare system in the own country and see what is the health problem that their people are living with to improve their healthcare system.

Science and Technology

In the modern world, science and technology are part of human life. Everyday we use stuff like televisions, phones, light, car,... All of that are all involve on science and technology and they're improving human life.

What is the meaning of Science and Technology?

Science is knowledges that human gained through observations and experiments. This knowledge can be in mathematic, physic, chemistry or biology. As the knowledge increased, human had came up with more improved methods of science. It includes the use of careful observation, experimentation, measurement, mathematics, and replication.

Technology is simply the application of knowledge to create products

Some important scientific discoveries?

                                                                         The Blade    

Clothing 

Shelter

Water Purification

Food Preservation

Science and technologies have improved through history to help human life. But as they improving, there are many problem caused by them. Some of the problem are increasing depend on technology, cyber bullied, piracy,...  and it leads to huge effects.

For me, the solution to some of the issues is self awareness. We have to know that whether we are depend too much on technology, whether we're using the internet too much. Moreover, we can be aware of things like cyber bullied by report to the family, school if there are a sign of it. Piracy if a different story, you can check on the piracy blog.

Drug Legalization

In the past, people had been testing the effect of drugs. Drugs were first made for using in surgery, warfare test and even for curing morphine addicted. Later, people found out their effects are harmful for the user's health so due to some organizations like the UN's agreement, drugs are now illegal. However, now there are some countries and states that legalize or deciding to legalize some of the drugs like in Canada,  Colorado...

Some of the drug bad effects are: 

- Addiction: People are addicted to drugs will need them to feel "normal" and they will do anything to get these drugs even commit murder.

- Difficult in speaking or memorize

- Damage in brain, lung, and facing the chance of getting AIDS

Should we legalize drugs?

Some people believe that legalize drug will reduce crime. They believe that because of drugs are illegal, they become so valuable.  Criminals and gangs are now fighting and killing for these drugs.   They believe that after the drug dealer is arrested, neither the supply nor the demand  for drugs is seriously changed. The arrest merely creates a job opening for an endless stream of drug entrepreneurs who will take huge risks for the sake of the enormous profits created by prohibition.

Some other people are disagree with this idea. For them, legalize drug won't work. Drugs are illegal because they are damage the brain, damage impact on the body, adverse impact on behavior, and potential for abuse. Their use threatens the health, welfare, and safety of all people, of users and nonusers. Legalize drug will  increase dramatically if drugs were made legal and easy to obtain. Furthermore, drug legalization will lead to terrorism and economy problems.

In my opinion, we should legalize drugs that their effect given are not damaging too much on brain and body and non addictive like marijuana as personal use or as medical use. This will both reduce crime and not affect to other people safety.

Piracy

Piracy is the act of stealing other people's stuff. Piracy includes the reproduction and distribution of copies of copyright-protected material, or the communication to the public and making available of such material on on-line communication networks, without the authorisation of the right owner(s) where such authorisation is required by law. Piracy concerns different types of works, including music, literature, films, software, videogames, broadcasting programs and signals.

People who pirate are call pirates. Pirates in the past used to stealing on the sea

There also modern pirates that work in the sea

The causes of piracy are believed to stem from backgrounds that are created by society. Piracy is most often caused by a high demand for a particular item or product that is difficult or illegal to obtain. Piracy can also be caused by weak enforcement of intellectual rights, high income potential, lack of legal opportunities to gain wealth or income, and even by a low level of awareness of the issue by the public


Some solution for piracy is to lower the price of the of the products and release a demo for it so customers can check out the quality of the products

Income Inequality

There are a rule about the inequality in the world and that rule call the Pareto Principle. By the definition, for many phenomena, 20% of invested input is responsible for 80% of the results obtained. Put another way, 80% of consequences stem from 20% of the causes. This is because of the income inequality.

Income inequality is the unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy. The aspects of rising inequality that are usually discussed separately: changes in labor's share of income; inequality at the bottom of the income distribution, including labor mobility; skill-biased technical change; inequality among high income groups; consumption inequality; geographical inequality; and international differences in the income distribution, particularly at the top.

Some solution to this problem provided by the expert are:
- Straighten and strengthen the legal framework to prevent abuses.
- Market forces should be shaped, not left as “forces.” Other countries shaped their market forces in ways that have lowered inequality while creating more opportunity and growth.
- Take care of the young, as they are our most valuable resource. Countries far poorer than the U.S. have decided that all young people should have access to food, education and health care so they can fulfill their aspirations.
- Better taxation system.

World Organizations

The European Union 

What is the EU?

The EU is unlike anything else—it isn’t a government, an association of states, or an international organization. Rather, the 28 Member States have relinquished part of their sovereignty to EU institutions, with many decisions made at the European level. The European Union has delivered more than 60 years of peace, stability, and prosperity in Europe, helped raise our citizens’ living standards, launched a single European currency (the euro), and is progressively building a single Europe-wide free market for goods, services, people, and capital.

History of the EU

The precursor to the European Union was established after World War II in the late 1940s in an effort to unite the countries of Europe and end the period of wars between neighboring countries. .In 1950 the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community expanded the cooperation. The six nations involved in this initial treaty were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Today these countries are referred to as the "founding members."

During the 1950s, the Cold War, protests, and divisions between Eastern and Western Europe showed the need for further European unification. In order to do this, the Treaty of Rome was signed on March 25, 1957, thus creating the European Economic Community and allowing people and products to move throughout Europe. In order to further unify Europe, the Single European Act was signed in 1987 with the aim of eventually creating a "single market" for trade. Europe was further unified in 1989 with the elimination of the boundary between Eastern and Western Europe - the Berlin Wall

What have the Eu done?

- Safer and cheaper flight

- Students exchange programmes

- The single market

- Peace

- The Euro

- A healthier Europe 

The World Health Organization

What is World Health Organization?

WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

History of World Health Organization

When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the things they discussed was setting up a global health organization. WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 – a date we now celebrate every year as World Health Day.

What have World Health Organization done?

- Noncommunicable diseases programme 

- Publications on noncommunicable diseases 

- WHO unveils Physical Activity Guidelines for the Pacific Region 

- Pacific physical activity guidelines for adults: framework for accelerating the communication of physical activity guidelines 

- Publications on nutrition 

- Workshop on national plans of action for nutrition: key elements for success, constraints and future plans - Malaysia 1999

- Development of food-based dietary guidelines for the Western Pacific 

- Ministerial roundtable on diet, physical activity and health - Japan 2002

- Diet, food supply and obesity in the Pacific

- Using domestic law in the fight against obesity: a guide for Pacific countries 

- Workshop on obesity prevention and control strategies in the Pacific - Samoa 2002

Overpopulation

Today, the world population has crossed 7 billion people and in the state of overpopulation. By definition, overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity on Earth. Overpopulation leads to the scarcity of resources and economic iflation. There are a lot of reasons that caused overpopulation.

Causes of Overpopulation 

- Decline in the Death rate: The number children born are is now higher than the number of the adults are die. This create a imbalance in the rate of population increase each year.

- Better Medical: As science improving, there are more cure to many illness and this increase the life of people. As the rate of population increase imbalancely plus the people are now living longer, there cause the overpopulation

- Lack of family planning: In every countries, people that living under the poverty with low education don't have family planning. They get their child marry in early age and produce more kid for working.

Effects of Overpopulation

- Depletion of natural resources: The Earth can only provide a limited ammount of foods, place, trees,.. that apply human needs. With the overpopulation, there won't be anymore resources for us

- Conflicts and Wars : Overpopulation in developing country puts a major strain on the resources. Conflict are becoming a source of tension between countries, the result is war

- High cost of living: The price of food, shelter, healthcare are icreasing as overpopulation

Solution for Overpopulation

- Better education: Provide a good knowledge for people about the danger of overpopulation and make sure of the family planning

- Higher tax: Goverment might have to come with various policies to tax exemption to curb overpopulation

Basic Human Needs

The similitary of these two theories are saying the human needs from the low to higher stage. Maslow and Max Neef stated all the human need from the physiological needs then move to the next stage which are safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. Basically, they said that human need food, water, air for survive. After adapted all the survival requirements, human also need belonging need, safety need... However, there are differences in these two theories.

Maslow, in an order, covers all of the most simple human needs that we can easily think of  in this table

Max divided the human needs a little different from Maslow's one and went more details than Maslow. He still got the physiological need, safety need and belonging need but he lacked out the esteem one and cover with two new needs which is understanding and identity. Moreover, he also split the the self-actualization into four other needs: creation, idleness, freedom and participation.

In my opinion, I prefer Maslow's one because he got all the basic need cover. Max confused me with the new levels he add to that didn't seem to go from the low to high.

One of the most important issue that the world facing these days is the Ebola disease. Ebola known as a deadly virus spread through body and damage the immune systems which transmitted to people through wild animal. Ebola said to be first appeared in 1976 and outbreak in two countries: Naza and Sudan and latter near the Ebola River which the disease had take its name from. The transmission of this virus was through the blood, secretion and other body liquid. People with infection usually appeared in fever at the first. Then, there are many symptoms show up 2 to 21 day after infection like headache, muscle pain, sore throat, ... Moreover, 90% people that infected by Ebola virus will be dead. Nowaday, Ebola once again outbreak in Guinea and rapidly spread out to near countries like Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Until now, there aren't any vaccine and treatment to this disease yet, several of them are being tested but none of them are available so all we can do is hope for a cured. However, when people need a worldwide donation to do more investigation of this virus, I'll be a part of it.

Yo! This is my first post :v